Keynesian Theory of Trade Cycle
• Keynes is credited with presenting a systematic analysis of factors causing business cycles.
• According to Keynes economic fluctuations are due to change in rate of investment
• Rate of investment depends upon :
Rate of interest (Stable in short Run)
MEC
• MEC is the expected rate of return on investment
• Very low interest rates but not stimulate the economy because confidence would be too low.
• Government should intervene in a crisis, running a deficit.
MEC is depend on
• Prospective yield (Entrepreneurs expectations)
• Supply price of capital goods
Variation in rate of interest caused by fluctuations in the marginal efficiency of capital.
Business Cycle assign the measure role of Expectations.
Business cycle for periodic fluctuations of employment , income and output .
According to Keynes : income and output depend upon the volume of Employment.
The volume of employment is determined by three variables
• Marginal efficiency of capital
• The rate of interest
• The propensity to consume.
In short Run rate of interest and proposed to consume are stable , so fluctuations in the volume of employment are caused by fluctuations in the marginal efficiency of capital (MEC).
Expansion phase : (Upward turning Point)
With increase in entrepreneurs expectations the marginal efficiency of capital increases,
Hence entrepreneurs make huge investments
Upward Turning point
The multiplier starts its action bringing and increase in income which is much higher than increase in investment is the multiplier effect.
Recession Phase
What the end of the period the high marginal efficiency of capital receives a setback from two directions :-
• Abundance of capital goods reduces marginal efficiency of capital which discourages for the investment.
• the cost of production of New Capital assets increases as shortages.
Downward turning point
Reverse action of multiplier.
Recovery
Recovery begins when confidence revives that is when the marginal efficiency of capital again increases.
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